What does the term "ransomware" refer to?

The term "ransomware" specifically refers to a type of malicious software that encrypts or restricts access to a victim's files until a ransom is paid to the attacker. This form of malware can severely disrupt operations, as users are often unable to access critical data without paying the demanded amount. Ransomware attacks typically involve the threat of data loss or public exposure of sensitive information, which is used as leverage to coerce victims into complying with the ransom demands.

Understanding ransomware is crucial, particularly given its prevalence in cybercrime today and the significant impact it can have on individuals and organizations. Other types of software, such as those that optimize system performance, antivirus programs, or data-sharing applications, serve entirely different functions and do not involve the malicious intent or tactics inherent to ransomware. Therefore, the correct choice accurately reflects the nature and purpose of ransomware as a harmful tool created to extort money from victims.